گزارش خطا در معنی کلمه 'ضمان قهری'

1 Law:: obligatio ex delicto, or obligatio ex maleficio (Lat) : an obligation founded on wrong or tort, or arising from the invasion of a jus in rem. In this there is the second stage, a secondary or sanctioning personal right consequent on a wrong, but the first stage is not a personal right (jus in personam), but a real right (jus in rem), whether a primordial right, right of status, or of property. Automatic guarantee; tortuous liability