1 حسابداری و مالی:: عوارض خارجی مثبت
their R&D, private R&D investment has positive externalities and could be lower than private expenditure on R&D has positive externalities and may be lower than socially optimal. creates the positive externality, i.e. private R&D investment. Autant-Bernard (2001), for instance, finds positive externalities from public research to investments in case of sufficient positive externalities from each firm's R&D efforts, or
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