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بیلیروبین
When hemoglobin is endocytosed by macrophages, the HO-1 pathway breaks it down into iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin, which is converted to bilirubin.
Carbon monoxide and bilirubin can exert anti-inflammatory properties to help wound healing (Kapitulnik, 2004; Ryter et al.
Perhaps the downstream effects of this process, such as higher HO-1 activity, carbon monoxide and bilirubin production, and iron release in M2 macrophages contributes to their pro-regenerative properties.
Bilirubin: an endogenous product of heme degradation with both cytotoxic and cytoprotective properties.
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