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The formats, although diverse, customarily include some form of competition-whether in shows that are more like games, such as Survivor, Storage Wars, and American Idol, or ones that appear to be more about life happenings such as Wife Swap, Jersey Shore, and The Real Housewives of Atlanta.
Other scholars identify reality television more by attributes: (1) it purports to be unscripted and authentic; (2) it customarily focuses on individuals' narratives; (3) those narratives are about constructing a way to deal with their respective environments; and (4) it makes a claim that the dis- course it spotlights is real (Beck, Hellmueller, & Aeschbacher, 2012; Murray & Ouellette, 2008; Nabi, 2007).
In observations that resonate with findings in this book about the self-governing messages of the corporate persona, other scholars add that encounters on reality television are customarily presented as opportunities for individuals to self-actualize and demonstrate who they are, within the demands and constraints of the neoliberal structures and values of the United States (Kavka, 2012; Ouellette & Hay, 2008; Skeggs & Wood, 2012).
These newsletters customarily featured employees involved in such activities as protecting wildlife and the environment, and volunteering in their communities (e.g.
Additionally, the use of this particular convenience sample-college-age students who are not familiar with Chesapeake Energy-allowed this study to examine what company-consumer identification customarily ignores: how
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