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تمایززدایی
In some species, adult structures can undergo dedifferentiation to form a relatively undifferentiated mass of cells (a blastema) that then redifferentiates to form the new structure.
The new cells do not come from stem cells, nor do they come from the dedifferentiation of the adult cells.
For decades it was believed that the old cells dedifferentiated at the cut ends of the planarian to form a regeneration blastema, a collection of relatively undifferentiated cells
Salamanders accomplish epimorphic regeneration by cell dedifferentiation to form a regeneration blastema, which in this case is an aggregation of relatively undifferentiated cells derived from the originally differentiated tissue that then proliferates and redifferentiates into the new limb parts (FIGURE 22.17; see Brockes and Kumar 2002; Gardiner et al. 2002; Simon and Tanaka 2013).
Once the wound is covered, the cells from the distal tip of the existing tissues undergo dedifferentiation (yellow zone), which produces specified, lineage-restricted progenitors for each tissue type (muscle progenitors, light purple; bone progenitors, indigo blue; fibroblast progenitors, black; regenerating axons, gray graded from proximal to distal).
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