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عمومی::
درون ریز، غدد درون ریز
SAH may be accompanied by significant pulmonary, cardiovascular, or endocrine effects.
Each discipline offers unique contributions, which, in partnership, provide optimal care not only to the injured brain but also to the cardiopulmonary, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and renal systems that support cerebral physiology.1 Integra- tion of the complex goals of this care relies on the physician specializing in neurocritical care.
The brain exerts homeostatic control on metabolic and endocrine activity, and neurologic dysfunction can manifest as untoward changes in fluid and electrolyte balance.
TBI also leads to disturbances in other systems such as: sympathetic discharge of the auto- nomic nervous system, inflammatory responses, endocrine dysfunctions, electrolyte imbalances, cardiovascular and respiratory disturbances, and coagulation impairments.
Effect of early compared with delayed enteral nutrition on endocrine function in patients with traumatic brain injury: an open-labeled randomized trial.،
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