1
اقتصاد::
تعادل، نقطه تعادل
He compares the monopolistic- competition equilibrium when advertising is allowed with the corresponding equi- librium that would emerge if advertising were not allowed.
t equilibrium, this cost e?
rst equilibrium analysis of infor- mative advertising in a multi-??
rms adopt mixed strategies in any Nash equilibrium.
To see the forces at hand, hypothesize an equilibrium in which all ??،
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3
عمومی::
موازنه، تعادل(ثبات ، موازنه)
The challenge in Asia is to maintain a generally stable equilibrium; in the Middle East, it is to restore a legitimate structure to a wide swath of territory where state authority has deteriorated or dissolved.
Administration pronouncements-both in the National Security Strategy statement and in comments by the Secretary of Defense-about America's strategic future have identified China and Russia as potential threats to the world's equilibrium and have defined America's national security objectives as thwarting their designs.
The nations of Europe, in a crisis not significantly different from several previously overcome, challenged the existing equilibrium with consequences from which Europe has not fully recovered in the century since.،Ostensibly, economies come into some state of optimal equilibrium through a combination of self-interest and con- straints.
One of Walras' chief objectives was to make economic systems predictable and that meant that he needed a single, stable point of equilibrium.
Analogous to the balance of forces in a physical equilibrium system, he envisaged this point of economic equilibrium as the balance of supply and demand in a mar- ket.
Unfortunately, Walras' assumption of a stable equilibrium in an inherently unstable context has led some critics to argue, "this borrowing of equilibrium from physics was a crucial scientific misstep that has had lasting consequences for the field."
The theo- ries of Walras, Jevons and other Marginalists described market economies within which trading moves like clockwork to an equilibrium where supply equals demand, resources are put to their best use and where the welfare of society reaches the state of "best possible worlds."
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