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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
فاشیسم
In the general contemporary sense, an ideology should ideally be coherent and internally consistent, and is sometimes characterized by the suffix "ism," such as conservatism, communism, fascism, liberalism, feminism, and so on.
Better known examples of ideologies include Marxism or communism, liberalism, capitalism and fascism, although religious beliefs such as Christianity or Islam (theocracy), or ideas about the nation ("nationalism") or the state ("unitarianism," "federal- ism"), can also function as ideologies.
This is particularly the case where nations succeed by secur- ing a state to represent the interests of the nation.5 In particular, ideologies that have strongly promoted a sense of (chauvinistic) national identity, such as fascism, have emphasized not just historical unity but historical glories, some of which are invented and many of which are exaggerated to create a sense of national pride and superiority over other nations.
This has in part led to a reassertion of those national verities (especially in developed countries), often as an unsophisti- cated and introspective nationalism (which historically gave rise to various forms of organicism such as fascism).
Reduced from such an ideal form, Hegel's political philosophy became the intellectual basis for both Fascism and Nazism, which paralleled Hegel's spiritualism, emphasis on the state and the subsuming of the individual to the greater social will (see Oakshott 1939).
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