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عمومی::
نزدیک شدگی زیاد
Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) is the more common and results in a severely hyperfunctional voice, including a classic strained-strangled quality due to the hyperadduction of the vocal folds during spasm.
Instead of hyperadduction, spasms interrupt phonation with a sud- den, involuntary period of aphonia, which is accompanied by a burst of air, as the vocal folds involuntarily abduct.
These percep- tual features include vocal fold hypo- adduction, hyperadduction, phonatory instability, and incoordination of both prosody and voiced-voiceless contrasts.
Spastic Vocal fold hyperadduction resulting in low pitch; strained-strangled, effortful, and rough phonation; slow speech rate; monoprosody; hypernasality
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