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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
ایدئولوژیکی
While some studies of intellectual history, and especially studies of ideological differences, seek to explain conflicting social visions by differing "value premises" among those on opposing sides of various issues, Intellectuals and Society seeks instead to explain ideological differences by differing underlying assumptions about the facts of life, the nature of human beings and the nature and distribution of knowledge.
Ideological differences based on differing value premises are ultimately differing tastes, on which there is said to be no disputing.
The long history of large and sweeping changes in individuals' ideological positions- sometimes rather abruptly, like "road to Damascus" conversions- seems far more consistent with discovering that the facts about the world are very
different from what had been initially assumed, sometimes as a result of some dramatic event such as the French Revolution or the Nazi-Soviet Pact, and sometimes as a result of a more gradual or more personal unfolding of events inconsistent with expectations based on an existing ideological vision.
But intellectuals have left us concrete records of their changes in ideological orientations and those records are worth exploring.
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