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This includes endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
A preliminary, vascularized extracellular matrix (ECM), called the granulation tissue (GT), is laid down and keratinocytes migrate upon it to close the wound.
In acute wounds, as the tissue begins to repair, the overall macrophage population transitions to one that promotes anti-inflammatory effects (traditionally and collectively referred to as "M2" macrophages), and the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells to restore the dermis, epidermis and vasculature, respectively.
In contrast, human skin heals by re-epithelialization, during which keratinocytes crawl over the granulation tissue in order to close the wound.
(2008) used MSC- conditioned media in vitro and found that it accelerated migration of macrophages, in addition to keratinocytes and endothelial cells (Chen et al.
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