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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
مارکسیسم
Yet few of the governments that claimed this logic were sympa- thetic to Marxism.
Not only Marxism, but all political systems represent ideological assump- tions, even where such assumptions are not explicit.
But in each case, they are usually representing ideas that derive from classical or neo-classical economic theory, from Leninist interpretations of Marxism, from nationalist claims or from resurrected feudal or pre-feudal traditions, all of which are ideologies.
Better known examples of ideologies include Marxism or communism, liberalism, capitalism and fascism, although religious beliefs such as Christianity or Islam (theocracy), or ideas about the nation ("nationalism") or the state ("unitarianism," "federal- ism"), can also function as ideologies.
By contrast, Marxism is based on horizontal or class interest and could therefore be argued to be "rational," especially if accepted in its "scientific" sense (for the classic exposition, see Engels 1989).
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