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A meningocele or meningoencephalocele may occur in association with CSF rhinorrhea, although each of these may occur independently.
Meningoceles and meningoencephalo- celes develop from the constant pressure exerted by the dura over a weakened portion of the skull base.
Often CSF rhinorrhea is the presenting symptom of a meningocele or meningoencephalocele, but CSF rhinor- rhea is not a concomitant finding in many patients with con- firmed meningoceles (or meningoencephaloceles).
In this endoscopic image obtained after ethmoidectomy and sphenoidotomy, a meningocele arises from the superior (short arrow) and superolateral (long arrow) aspects of the left sphenoid sinus.
The meningocele has a greenish hue, because the fluorescein colors the cerebrospinal fluid within it.
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