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میوفیبروبلاست
Wound healing is complete following apoptosis of myofibroblasts and vascular cells, leaving behind a collagen-rich scar (Zhao et al.
The function of pro-resolving macrophages is to restore homeostasis while minimizing fibrosis via apoptosis of myofibroblasts, suppression of T cell proliferation and a return to balanced MMP/TIMP levels (Murray and Wynn, 2011).
In addition to producing pro-fibrotic mediators and facilitating the recruitment of inflammatory cells, macrophages have also been shown to directly enhance the survival and activation of myofibroblasts, the key ECM-producing cells in all organs.
Pra- dere and colleagues showed that hepatic macrophages enhance myofibroblast survival by stimulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activity, which is critical for the development of liver fibrosis (Pradere et al.
Studies of in vivo depletion have suggested that mononuclear phagocytes are critical to the activa- tion of myofibroblasts, although further details on the source and phenotype of the pro-fibrotic macrophage population are unclear.
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