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The possible techniques of making rock art, both as pictograms and petroglyphs, are necessarily limited-particularly those readily available to the peoples of early periods.
Cases of pictograms that have been discovered under archaeological deposits are particularly rare, while the prospects are considerably better for petroglyphs.
There have been attempts in most continents to relate pictograms to pigment traces found within a nearby sediment (Combier, 1984; Linares, 1988; Macintosh, 1965; Wakankar, 1983), but such links were not satisfactorily demonstrated: the relative chemical taphonomies of the two pigments were not considered.
In the case of pictograms, microscopic examination of the edges of areas of paint residue should permit a clear definition of superimposition sequence.
Issues relating to the dating of pictograms
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