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Prudent statecraft grows ever more important in preventing the world from sliding into intense rivalries and potential military conflicts.
What was missing was the flexibility and intra-alliance interactions that Bismarck had cultivated.27 Of these three phases, Gordon Craig and Alexander George note in their book Force and Statecraft, "In terms of effectiveness, the first came closest to fulfill- ing the purposes for which it was formed.
The debate over soft balancing resembles the one over economic sanctions, to which some scholars and practitioners assign little value as a tool of statecraft.
But as Jonathan Kirshner re- minds us, military force has often failed to produce positive results, and all techniques of statecraft must be weighed in terms of their political costs and benefits.
and Russia, which also faced intervention by the Allied forces.50 Prudent and visionary statecraft was missing on all sides.
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