فارسی
1
زیست شناسی::
فرجامگرایانه / غایتانگارانه
"Genes cannot be selfish or unselfish, any more than atoms can be jealous, elephants abstract or biscuits teleological."62 Midgley argued that the attribution of "selfishness" to genes represented a form of anthropomorphic thinking, by which genes were understood to possess human qualities and vices.
Ayala and others have insisted upon the legitimacy and importance of the use of teleological language in biological explanation.37 The adaptations of organisms can be considered to be explained teleologically when their existence can be accounted for in terms of their contribution to the reproductive fitness of the population.
It is important to note that the concept of "teleology" is open to multiple interpretations - some theistic, others not.38 The philosopher of biology Ernst Mayr rightly noted that many biologists resist teleological statements or explanations, partly out of suspicion that these smuggle unverifiable theological or metaphysical doctrines into supposedly objective scientific accounts of reality.39 Yet what, Mayr asked, if some kind of teleology is discerned within, not imposed upon, the biological process?
"The use of so- called 'teleological' language by biologists is legitimate; it neither implies a rejection of physicochemical explanation nor does it imply non-causal explanation."40 In support of his suggestion, Mayr noted that examples of goal-directed behavior are widespread in the natural world.
Ayala, "Teleological Explanations in Evolutionary Biology."
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران
2
عمومی::
شوقی، غائی
لغت نامه استاندارد انگلیسی به فارسی
3
فلسفه::
غایتشناختی
Then the inventor of causality comes along and separates the organic whole into a teleological triad.
Causal thinking of the kind that Nietzsche imputes to Kant and to which many non-philosophers still adhere is dangerous because it can lead to a deterministic and teleological view, which holds a false set of valuations.
This belief ends in a feeling of complete lack of values, nihilism, when the teleological interpretation of causality is discarded.
He saw, in the first glimmers of the view of scientific theories as merely models, the beginning of this loss of belief that world works in terms of teleological values and, hence, the immediate likelihood of a psychological feeling of valuelessness.
The causal view of the world, according to Nietzsche, is merely one interpretation or one possible verbalization of human perception of the world; it is not legitimately a teleological explanation of that (or any other, "true," "in-itself") world.
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران
4
روان شناسی و مشاوره::
غایتشناختی
It is teleological rather than intentional (Gergely and Csibra 1997).
The mentalizing inferences of the intentional stance are no more likely to be correct than the physicalistic ones of the teleological mode.
Clearly, the application of the teleological stance becomes problematic in the context of attachment relationships.
Adopting the teleological stance may help me avoid upsetting myself by imputing the desire to X that he wanted to avoid me, and the belief state that he thinks I did not see him or he thinks that I think he did not see me.
It should not surprise us then that emotional arousal in such children can become a trigger for teleological nonmentalizing functioning; it brings forth an image of the parent who withdraws from the child in a state of anxiety or rage, to which the child reacts with a complimentary dissociative response.
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران