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عمومی::
تراتوژنیک
This lessons the risk of teratogenicity (greater with first-trimester medication administration) and preterm labor (greater risk in the third trimester) (Fig. 31.1).
Teratogenicity may occur at any stage of gestation.
Although many commonly used anesthetics are teratogenic at high dosages in animals, few if any studies support teratogenic effects of anesthetic or sedative medications at the dosages used for anesthesia care in humans.
Nitrous oxide has been suggested to be teratogenic in ani- mals when administered for prolonged periods (1-2 days).
None of these agents has been clearly shown to be teratogenic or have adverse effects on human brain development.
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