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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
اراده گرا
Conversely, voluntarist development is development in which the state must intervene directly in order to overcome resistance from the past, often even through a revolutionary upheaval.
Voluntarist development moves in the opposite direction: here, it is the social elements which occupy central place.
In France, then, historical change is conceived in a voluntarist fashion, and the intellectuals have almost always exhibited scorn for the institutionalization of conflicts or the gradual adaptation of organizations to the changes in their environment.
Here, one finds a mixture of liberal, contractual, and voluntarist traits.
While in the voluntarist societies the social struggles are indissolubly linked 1o historical struggles and even to the struggles of the state as a social agent of change, in the central capitalist societies social struggles are so closely bound up with cultural movements - which may be either favourable to the opening up of a society or, instead, hostile to excessive upheavals - that these cultural movements sometimes utterly dominate the social movements, with the result that all the character of social conflict is lost.
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