2
Law::
seller or buyer’s right of unilateral cancellation or revocation of a sale during negotiations (in this case styled خيار مجلس ) ; right for post-facto rescinding (of a sale or contract for any reason or cause provided for by law) or anytime thereafter for any reason specified by the word(s) used appositively with خيار (NOTE : In Arabic خيار is also a transitive verb meaning “have the option or liberty to …” but in legal terminology it is never used in that sense in that language or in Persian, and the word ‘option’ that is commonly seen in Persian-English dictionaries, and in Persian-English translations as an equivalent for خيار is a lamentably notorious error on the part of Iranian lexicographers that sadly betrays both their ignorance of the true meaning of خيار in Persian and Arabic and of ‘option’ in English. ‘Option’ as proposed by those authors as the English equivalent for خيار is apparently as the result of their confusion of خيار with اختيار the latter being a very general word meaning authority, freedom, liberty, and free will and also option all of which are semantically devoid of every element of the word خيار ). The Latin word jus that signifies, among its other denotations, “a right” in the legal terminology in English comes closest to the Persian خيار. “Jus” signifies “a right” that is a power, privilege, faculty, or demand inherent in one person and incident upon another; or a capacity residing in one person of controlling, with the assent and assistance of the state, the actions of another. The following is a summary list, in alphabetical order, of some of the most frequent styles of خيار that is rights and liberties of the buyer or seller for unilateral revocation of a transaction. The various styles of خيار are dealt with in fiqh and in the Civil Code of Iran.
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