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زیست شناسی::
مرگ سلولی، آپوپتوز
Researchers working with zebrafish larvae induced severe injury to the ventricular tissue of the larval heart by causing apoptosis of the ventricular cardiomyocytes (Zhang et al. 2013).
Kupffer cells, and stellate cells allow the hepatocytes to divide by preventing apoptosis, activating cyciins D and E, and repressing cyclin inhibitors such as p27 (see Taub 2004).
When tadpole muscle cells were injected with a dominant negative T, receptor (and therefore could not respond to Tj), the muscle cells survived, indicating that T3 told them to kill themselves by apoptosis (Nak- ajima and Yaoita 2003; Nakajima et al. 2005).
The type of response (proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration) is determined by other factors already present in the different tissues.
The same stimulus causes some tissues to degenerate while stimulating others to develop and differentiate, as exemplified by the process of tail degeneration: thyroid hormone instructs the limb bud muscles to grow (they die without thyroxine) while instructing the tail muscles to undergo apoptosis (Cai et al. 2007).
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران
2
عمومی::
آپوپتوز
Neuronal apoptosis, a form of cellular suicide, has also been demonstrated in a variety of models of cerebral ischemia.
Apoptosis is characterized by chromatin con- densation, involution of the cell membrane, swelling of mitochondria, and cellular shrinkage.
In the later stages of apoptosis, neurons fragment into several apoptotic bod- ies, which are then cleared from the brain.237 The lack of a substantial inflammatory response to apoptotic death limits injury to surrounding neurons that have survived the ini- tial ischemic insult.
A number of biochemical pathways that lead to apoptosis have been described.
Initiation of apoptosis by the release of cytochrome c from injured mitochondria has been studied extensively (Fig. 11.21).
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران