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بیومارکر
biomarkers, it is ctDNA that offers the greatest opportunity for the application of detailed molecular techniques.
Importantly, ctDNA mutations can be used to identify potentially actionable changes affecting driver genes, such as EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA, as well as providing personalized biomarkers that can be used to detect residual disease or monitor tumor levels during therapy.
For detection of somatic point mutations as biomarkers, the earliest analyses involved mutation-speci?
PARE is a method for identifying genome rearrangements in human tumors and using these alterations for development and detection of tumor biomarkers in the circulation (85, 88).
Using PARE, rear- rangements detected in tumor DNA, including those result- ing from copy-number changes, have been used to develop PCR-based biomarker tests to quantitatively measure the level of ctDNA in patient blood specimens.
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