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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
در تضاد بودن
Ramadan skillfully exposes some of the contradictions and limitations of secular liberal democracy.
None of this necessarily contradicts a broadly liberal egalitarian position.
ulama's public criticism is restricted in many ways, he argues that its limitations are not due to their intrinsic incapacity to contemplate change or to the fundamental contradiction between religion and reason.
Here, Koopman makes a seemingly simple but nevertheless important point that 'contingency picks out a modality, and universality picks out a scope', hence, there is 'no obvious(no necessary) contradiction in their being deployed together'.
As Hamid points out, this secular logic is inflected in different ways according to particular national histories and genealogies, but it nevertheless has a common logic due to a series of built-in contradictions.
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