1
علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
عموم مخالف
Negt and Kluge also update the public sphere to include media, both media industries and alternative media, as a counterpublic.33
She defines a women's or a feminist countersphere, among other counterspheres of public discourse and agency.34 A counterpublic understands itself to be subordinate in some way to the dominant public sphere but is still a site from which people can speak up in society.
Along these lines, feminist media critics such as Lynn Spigel have critiqued the distinction of public and private as it negates women's labor in the domestic sphere as well as the integration of media and domestic space.35 Michael Warner notes that the sexual cultures of gay men and lesbians can be seen as a counterpublic in that they are spaces of discussion, debate, and the circulation of ideas that are structured by alternative dispositions and protocols, "making different assumptions about what can be said or what goes without saying."36
The idea of the counterpublic, or of various publics, has moved beyond the model of a physical site like a cafe or meeting hall to online contexts.
Online communities like Reddit operate as discussion forums, and even though they may have millions of members, they are sites that construct publics and counterpublics.
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران