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عمومی::
تجارت متقابل
management of international operations: all phases of business activity wherever undertaken, including such activities as operating marketing and sales facilities abroad, establishing production, assembly or service facilities in foreign areas, creating licens- ing arrangements and other types of strategic alliances, and engaging in countertrade transactions.
In some cases the foreign source may be the only one available or it is done to fulfil a countertrade agreement.
countertrade arrangements
In addition, various types of countertrade arrangements, which may or may not involve a monetary payment, are discussed.
Countertrade techniques are used as a means of financing exports in both the indus- trialized and developing countries of the world.
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