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بلورساز
First-generation sugarcane processing takes place in autonomous distilleries or sugar mills with annexed distilleries; in the latter, hereafter referred simply as annexed distilleries, a fraction of the sugarcane juice is diverted for sugar pro- duction and the remaining fraction, along with the molasses (impure solution of sugars that remains after sucrose crystallization), is used for ethanol production.
In the most usual arrangement, the process is performed in equipment that operates in a similar way as the evaporator, called vacuum pans and crystallizers, usually operated in fed-batch mode and under vacuum, in order to use steam from the evaporators and prevent sucrose degradation.
When the amount of material reaches the limit of the vacuum pan (at the end of a batch), the massecuite is transferred to crystallizers and, after an appropriate residence time, it is sent to centrifuges that separate the crystals and the molasses (Chandel et al. 2014).
There are several commercial technologies available for the crystallization area; some of them propose a different equipment design or other operational approaches, for example, vertical crystallizers, continuous crystallization-where the syrup is fed continuously and sugar crystallization controlled by cooling.
The research in this area focuses on CFD modeling of the flow pattern inside the equipment, assessment of the effect of impurities in the sugar quality and a better phenomenological understanding about the sugar crystallization, in order to provide information to model, simulate and control the process.
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