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innervating the limb degenerate for a short distance proximal to the plane of amputation (see Chernoff and Stocum 1995).
TABLE 21. 1 Some metamorphic changes in anurans System Larva Adult Locomotory Aquatic; tail fins Terrestrial; tailless tetrapod Respiratory Gills, skin, lungs; larval hemoglobins Skin, lungs; adult hemoglobins Circulatory Aortic arches; aorta; anterior, posterior, and common jugular veins Carotid arch; systemic arch; cardinal veins Nutritional Herbivorous; long spiral gut; intestinal symbionts; small mouth, horny jaws, labial teeth Carnivorous; short gut; proteases, large mouth with, long tongue Nervous Lack of nictitating membrane; porphyropsin, lateral line system, Mauthner neurons Development of ocular muscles, nictitating membrane, tympanic membrane; rhodopsin; lateral line system lost, Mauthner neurons degenerate Excretory Largely ammonia, some urea (ammonotelic) Largely urea; high activity of enzymes of ornithine-urea cycle (ureotelic) Integument Thin, bilayered epidermis with thin dermis; no mucous or granular glands Stratified squamous epidermis with adult keratins; well- developed dermis contains mucous and granular glands secreting antimicrobial peptides Source: Data from Turner and Bagnara 1976 and Reilly et al. 1994
T3 causes the degeneration of the paddlelike tail and the oxygen-procuring gills that were important for larval (but not adult) movement and respiration.
The lateral line system of the tadpole (which allows the tadpole to sense water movement and helps it hear) degenerates, and the ears undergo further differentiation (see Fritzsch et al. 1988).
While Meckel's cartilage is growing, the gills and pharyngeal arch cartilage (which were necessary for aquatic respiration in the tadpole) degenerate.
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