فارسی
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عمومی::
اکولوژیک
As designed ecosystems, some, such as the high canopy forests with floral undergrowth maintained by the annual burning practices of the Ojibwe people of north America, are biodiverse, vibrant and ecologically healthy.
are chemical dependent monocultures; while beautiful, they are not biodiverse, ecologically healthy or resilient.
Cultural constructs, social inertia and ecological literacy suffuse differing perspectives on what constitutes natural, nature, wild, or beautiful (Tveit et al.
, 2007; Zube & Pitt, 1981). environmental Generational Amnesia and the ecological Aesthetic Theory help explain how some perspectives may have evolved, and these differences come to bear across countries and regions, as well as among neighborhoods within the same city.
For the design of the Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Singapore, architect RmJm met with ecologists and engineers early in the project development process to employ biophilia, ecological conservation and water sensitive urban design to manage rainwater, mitigate loss of biodiversity and create a restorative environment for patients, reaping more benefits for the project than any one of the three teams could have on their own (Alexandra Health, 2013).
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بومشناختی
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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
اکولوژیک
Contexts of Development: An Ecological Transactional Framework
Beginning with Bronfenbrenner's ecological model (1979, 1989) as an overarching frame- work, there is a greater appreciation of how the child's development is influenced, not only by the child's individual characteristics (biological context, such as genetic makeup, tempera- ment, intelligence), but the child's immediate environment/microsystem (family, school, peers, community neighborhood), the surrounding social and economic context/exosystem (poverty, divorce, family stress), as well as cultural context/macrosystem.
The model is a dynamic one with ever-changing roles that can influence players at each and every level in a transac- tional (ongoing system of changes and response to change) and ecological manner (contextual influences that can cause and respond to changes at many levels: e.g.
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model was presented graphically in Chap- ter 1, Figure 1.1.
The Contexts of Development: Bronfenbrenner and Ecological Theory
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