1 عمومی:: ژئومورفونها
4.2.2.3 Geomorphons Besides the continuous geomorphometric measures, a landform classification based on geomorphons (Jasiewicz and Stepinski 2013) is employed to measure topographic characteristics in qualitative categories. Geomorphons are based on the idea that a landform element can be regarded as the specific spatial arrangement of elevation values in a selected area. The resulting geomorphons are funda- mental microstructures of the landscape (Jasiewicz and Stepinski 2013, 148). We use the GRASS GIS extension geomorphons to calculate this parameter for landforms smaller than 1 km (Stepinski and Jasiewicz 2011; Jasiewicz and Stepinski 2013).
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