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عمومی::
هیدروسفالی، هیدروسفالی
Sub- sequent effects on CBF, microcirculatory changes, cerebral edema, and sympathetic response can lead to both neuro- logic and systemic complications.150,151 Acute management of blood pressure and oxygenation are critical in this period along with the prevention of early complications such as rebleeding, acute hydrocephalus, and elevated ICPs.
Acute Hydrocephalus.
Acute hydrocephalus develops in 25% to 30% of patients after SAH, and emergency ven- triculostomy may be lifesaving.164 Patients with hydro- cephalus can develop progressive deterioration leading to stupor and coma as well as more subtle clinical signs of gaze palsy, pupillary dysfunction, and cognitive slowing.
Hydrocephalus after SAH can be caused by obstruction of CSF outflow by blood products or by impaired CSF absorption by arachnoid granulations.165 Most patients should have ventriculos- tomy drains removed when they no longer require exter- nal drainage and ICPs have stabilized.
Some patients will develop delayed hydrocephalus (3-21 days after the onset), and 20% of patients will need ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement for chronic hydrocephalus.157،include neoplasms and hydrocephalus.
Both an intracra- nial mass and hydrocephalus are associated with elevated ICP.
BIH, also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension and pseudotumor cerebri, is a syndrome of increased ICP in the absence of specific causes such as intra- cranial masses, hydrocephalus, and dural sinus thrombosis.
Treatment of nontraumatic CSF rhinorrhea as a result of neoplasm, hydrocephalus, and so on should include treatment of the specific etiologic factors.
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