فارسی
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عمومی::
اسلوب شناختی
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عمومی::
روششناسی
, theory building), methodological (i.e.
In other words, the entrepreneurs and their traits are a methodological device used by the economist to simplify and develop a line of analysis that is cen- tered in the entrepreneur's function (Harper, 2004).
Turbulence as a conceptualization of entrepreneurship cuts across different levels of analysis, but most empirical studies have focused on the regional level for methodological reasons.
This latter contribution opens up new horizons for future studies on entrepreneurship at the ontological, theoretical, and methodological levels.
At the methodological level, future work could focus on the link between the phenomenon under study, its specific measures, and the associated results.
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فلسفه::
روششناختی
In his methodological expositions,
As a methodological principle of cognition, but on a higher plane, this thought is mentioned by
Inasmuch as Kierkegaard, from the initial adoption of methodological points of
as the central methodological point of view in his work of
On September 20, 1837, Kierkegaard wrote this methodologically significant entry: "It would be interesting to
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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
روش شناختی
The latter features its own methodological specifics of problem-posing and problem-solving, connected with the specifics of the subject being researched, such as: the phenomena of anarchical international society (that is, occurring in the absence of a global sovereign), but the streamlined, transforming substantial and spatially time-bound interaction of sovereign states and other actors of global politics in the form of international life, rooted in the regional sphere (Bull 1977; Held et al. 1999).
At the same time, such posing of the problem did not cancel the need to analyze the dichotomy of global macro-regions (in particular, the problems of the East/ West dichotomy (Curtin 2000; Dagorn and Gabriel-Oyhamburu 2008) in their differences of economic, political and social structures) in view of understanding the specifics marking the course of sociopolitical processes and construction of the social order at particular historical stages of human development in regional segments of the world-despite understanding of the fact that dichotomous constructions a priori suggest a methodological reduction.
Thus in the philosophical and methodological sense, the challenge of the interplay between universality and plurality and between universality and multiplicity is reflected in the universality/specifics dilemma within the juxtaposition of subjectivism/ objectivism in the disciplinary discussions of History/IR/Political Science and also within the disciplines in such concepts as a higher form of civilizations, multiple modernities and multiple democracies, which are inherent in the universality/plurality of the study of Agents and Institutions (Gunn 2011, 6; Skirbekk 2014, 179, 185; Sachsenmaier and Riedel 2002).
Indeed, one does not know if theories tested in Western cases have real explanatory power in non-Western cases, so the discussion is on the need for IR research to incorporate non-Western regions in a methodological grid broad enough to incorporate both a Western as well as a non-Western reality.
As Johannes V�llers observes (V�llers 2014, 21), "the main methodological problem with the low representation of non-Western cases is that one cannot draw any empirical conclusions about non-Western cases if the theories and the empirical studies of IR ignore these regions."
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