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نوزادی
Where advanced care in neonatal intensive care units is available, most cases of retinopathy of prematurity occur in extremely low-gestational-age neonates (gestational age of less than 28 weeks at birth).
Worldwide about 10% of births occur preterm (before gestational age 37 full weeks).12 Preterm birth is the most common cause of neonatal death,13 and the second most common cause of death in children younger than 5 years.14
Thus, prevalence estimates from population-based studies vary even among countries with similar neonatal intensive care facilities.
An alternative to non-uniform and intermittent data collections in many countries or regions would be occasional snapshots of the burden of severe disease in one geographical area with uniform care.23,24 Sweden now has a register (SWEDROP) for all children screened for retinopathy of prematurity, which is used to measure incidence.25 Taken as a whole, the data do not suggest that incidence has changed substantially over time.7,26-30 Perhaps increased survival of very immature infants at high risk for the disease balanced against improved neonatal intensive care can account for this finding.
Incidence can also increase when neonatal care is sufficient to save the babies' lives but insufficient to prevent disease-eg, through use of uncontrolled oxygen delivery.31,32
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