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Their solution was the invention of the pendentive (Figure 8.1), a triangle-shaped piece of masonry with the dome resting on one long side, and the other two sides channeling the weight down to a pier below.
A pendentive allows the dome to be supported by four piers, one in each comer of the building.
Middle and Late Byzantine architects introduced a variation on the pendentive called the squinch (Figure 8.2).
Although fulfilling the same function as a pendentive, that is, transitioning the weight of a dome onto a flat rather than a rounded wall, a squinch can take a number of shapes and forms, some corbelling from the wall behind, others arching into the center space.
Architects designed pendentives and squinches so that artists could later use these broad and protruding surfaces as painted spaces.
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