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عمومی::
پنوموسفالی
In addition, the skull base defect through which CSF drains may provide a route for the development of pneumocephalus and secondary brain compression.
The anterior cranial fossa shows minimal signal because of a pneumocephalus (star).
Low ICP also may cause pneumocephalus because air is drawn through the skull base defect.
Indications for operative CSF leak repair include failed conser- vative management; intraoperative recognition of a leak during sinus surgery, skull base surgery, or craniotomy; large defects or leaks, especially in association with pneumocephalus; idio- pathic leaks, so-called spontaneous leaks; and open traumatic head wounds with CSF leakage.
Pneumocephalus should be treated promptly, because rapid air accumulation may lead to a catastrophic outcome.
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