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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
حمایت گر
Meu- nier and Nicola¨ıdis (1999: 498) warn that the fragmented EU decision-making process could encourage member states to 'log-roll' protectionist concessions for one another in the Council of Ministers.1 Messerlin (2001: 42) criticises the high degree of EU protectionism in twenty-two agricultural and industrial sectors.
Hanson (1998) argues that the EU did not become a protectionist 'fortress', as many warned it would become, because it chose to progressively liberalise the Single Market to international trade.
Hanson basically reverses Meunier and Nicola¨ıdis's thesis by arguing that the decision-making process in the Council of Ministers strengthens the hand of 'liberal' northern member states relative to the 'protectionist' southern member states of the Union.
First, it is difficult, if not impossible, to classify EU member states as 'liberal' or 'protectionist' because all member states have offensive and defensive interests in trade negotiations.
Moreover, a drawn out conflict between 'liberal' and 'protectionist' member states in the Council of Ministers would inevitably lead to deadlock in multilateral trade negotiations where the legal standing of the Luxembourg Compromise veto has never been clarified (Teasdale 1993).
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