2
عمومی::
روحیه ورزشکاری، ورزشکاری
The out-group sportsmanship (OS) or out-group behavior facet measures how fans perceive the behavior of rival supporters،They found seven major categories of OCB: helping behavior, sportsmanship, organizational loyalty, organizational compliance, individual initiative, civic virtue, and self-development.
(2) Sportsmanship behaviors: These behaviors are exemplified by "people who not only do not complain when they are inconvenienced by others, but also maintain a positive attitude even when things do not go their way, are not offended when others do not follow their suggestions, are willing to sacrifice their personal interest for the good of the work group" (Podsakoff et al.
They include Organ's sportsmanship, Borman and Motowidlow's (1997) helping and cooperating with others, and Williams and Anderson's (1991) OCBI.
(1983) frameworks of altruism and courtesy (to measure OCBI) and Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship and Civic Virtue (to measure OCBO).
Liu and Fellows (2011) used Organ's (1988) five-dimensional framework of OCB which included 1) sportsmanship, tolerating inconveniences at work without complaining; 2) civic virtue, a commitment to the organization/looking out for its best interest; 3) altruism, helping coworkers with work- related problems; 4) courtesy, "represents all those considerate gestures that help others or to prevent a problem for others, e.g.
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران