2
عمومی::
دلخواه
is extended to arbitrary s 2 D by defining ui(s) = ?
for arbitrary prospects, because V may be expanded as EP[X]-EP[X].
probability weighting-there are prospects between which a subjective neutral, non-myopic decisionmaker will exhibit strict preference; in fact, although we found indifference between arbitrary
x may have arbitrary cardinality; this broader setting is often referred to as the theory of "function"
(a s such that no player can unilaterally deviate and gain more than e) in an arbitrary finite game
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4
علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
خودسرانه
This arbitrary limitation of the scope of the word was expressed in a parody verse about Benjamin Jowett, master of Balliol College at Oxford University:
In situations where experts are simply part of the window dressing concealing arbitrary and even corrupt decisions by others, reliance on what "all the experts" say about a given issue is extremely risky.
Today it means whatever those who define the official poverty level want it to mean, so that saying that X percent of the American population live in poverty is to say that they meet some ultimately arbitrary definition, which could be set higher or lower, causing half as many or twice as many to be called "poor."
By regarding prices as merely arbitrary social constructs, some can imagine that existing prices can be replaced by prices controlled by government, reflecting wiser and nobler notions, such as "affordable housing" or "reasonable" health care costs.
A history of price controls going back for centuries, in countries around the world, shows negative and even disastrous consequences from treating prices as mere arbitrary constructs, rather than as symptoms and conveyances of an underlying reality that is not nearly as susceptible of control as the prices are.
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