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بنزودیازپین
In combination with 0.4 mg/kg of diazepam, high dose fentanyl (100 痢/kg) led to a reduction of CBF by 25%, although part of this effect may well have been a result of benzodiazepine (see later discussion in the sec- tion, "Benzodiazepine") rather than fentanyl per se.
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines cause parallel reductions in CBF and CMR in humans.
Administration of 0.15 mg/kg of midazolam to awake healthy human volunteers resulted in a 30% to 34% reduction in CBF.71,109 In an investigation using PET scanning, a similar dose of midazolam led to a global 12% reduction in CBF; the decreases occurred prefer- entially in the brain regions associated with arousal, atten- tion, and memory.110 CO2 responsiveness was preserved.111 The available data indicate that benzodiazepines cause a moderate reduction in CBF in humans, which is coupled to metabolism.
The extent of the maximal reductions of CBF and CMR produced by benzodiazepines is probably interme- diate between the decreases caused by narcotics (modest) and barbiturates (substantial).
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