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زمینشناسی و معدن::
خاکستر
Fertile, productive soils because they are neither too wet nor too dry. 9.65 Andisol Young soils in which the parent material is volcanic ash and cinders, deposited by recent volcanic activity. 0.7 Aridosol Soils that develop in dry places with insufficient water to remove soluble minerals; may have calcium carbonate, gypsum, or salt accumulation in subsoil; low organic content. 12.02 Entisol Young soils with limited development and exhibiting properties of the parent material.
These ejecta are commonly called cinders
lapilli and resemble cinders and clinkers produced by
Cinder cones are quite small and form during a single eruptive
types of volcanic cones-shield volcanoes, cinder
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