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اقتصاد::
آزادسازی، مقرراتزدایی
Similarly, privatization and deregulation policies in Western economies since the 1980s and pro- globalization arguments for free trade also assume that there is a direct linear relationship between what might be called 'marketness' and economic growth.
Thus by the mid-1930s there was a swing towards the regulation of stock markets, the introduction of employment standards, the beginnings of mod- ern welfare states and, eventually, the adoption of full employment policies.14 After the crises of the 1970s, the pendulum swung back towards market 'deregulation' (see chapters 8 and 9).
Indeed, as Vogel has shown, deregulation in the late twentieth century to create 'freer' financial markets has paradoxically pro- duced more rules (Vogel 1996).
Following the lead of the USA and the UK in open- ing up their economies to an inflow of capital during the 1970s and 1980s, the other major capital- ist countries became involved in a process of 'competitive deregulation' of their capital markets in order to gain access to the supply of finance from global investment funds.
- as the deregulation of the stock markets in the 'big bangs' of the 1970s and 1980s intended.4،However, the United
Kingdom and United States did achieve partial
deregulation of some industries.
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