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فلسفه::
تغییرناپذیر
This problem arises from the fact that virtu- ally all Christian philosophers (at least of Suárez's times) share the view that God, in virtue of being perfect, has no unactualized potentialities and is to this extent pure act (actus purus) and hence immutable (otherwise God had some unactualized potentialities which would contradict his perfection).
So, how can a perfect and thus immutable being like God do something like creating a world?
On this assumption, God's creating the world does not contradict his immutability, for such an action - qua being a mode of its effect - does not
take place in God and consequently does not conflict with his immutability or perfection.
For this reason God's concurrence is indeed a "natural necessity with respect to the secondary cause" - they could not operate without it -, but "it is only a hypothetical necessity or a necessity of immutability with respect to God."
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