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عمومی::
وسط جریان داده
In a narrow sense, the data industry is usually divided into three major compo- nents: upstream, midstream, and downstream.
More specifically, in this chain there are (1) the upstream enterprises, extending toward the extremity of the information industry, that include data acquisition, data storage, and data management; (2) the midstream enter- prises that include data processing, data mining, data analysis, and data presentation; and (3) the downstream enterprises that is data product marketing including pricing, valuation, and trading.
Upstream industrial links control data resources to determine the profit distribution of midstream and downstream industrial links.
Without W's licensing and transferring, enterprises of midstream and downstream industrial links cannot exploit and be utilized a part of S; and such dominance by W in this space can hardly be broken.
The data industry chain is an organic whole, each part of it is independent (that guarantees the loose coupling of it) but fits well with the other parts; that is to say, the ideal situation for the data industry chain is without chasms in the upstream industrial links, without slip-ups in midstream industrial links, or without deficiencies in downstream industrial links.
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