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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
نبخشیدن
Forgiveness, Health, and Well-Being: A Review of Evidence for Emotional Versus Decisional Forgiveness, Dispositional Forgivingness, and Reduced Unforgiveness
Both are important antagonists to the negative affect of unforgiveness and agonists for positive affect.
While some benefits of forgiveness and forgivingness emerge merely because they reduce unforgiveness, some benefits appear to be more forgiveness specific.
Recent reviews of literature pertaining to forgiveness and health have argued that (a) forgiveness is an emotion-focused coping process that can promote health (Worthington 2006; Worthington and Scherer 2004); (b) forgiveness might have its major impact on health through reducing unforgiveness rather than creating positive emotional experiences (Harris and Thoresen 2005); (c) forgiveness, especially when undertaken for altruistic motives, can affect both physical and mental health (Witvliet and McCullough 2007; Worthington et al. 2005); and (d) forgiveness interventions are appropriate for but infrequently used in medical settings (Harris and Thoresen 2006).
Worthington and Wade (1999) make a distinction between forgiveness and reducing unforgiveness (i.e. eliminating resentment without the added compassion towards an offender).
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