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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
ضد روانپریشی
In 1999 to 2003, most youth bipolar disorder visits were by males (66.5%), whereas most adult bipolar disorder visits were by females (67.6%); youth were more likely than adults to receive a comorbid diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 32.2% vs. 3.0%), and most youth (90.6%) and adults (86.4%) received a psychotropic medica- tion during bipolar disorder visits, with comparable rates of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants prescribed for both age groups (Moreno et al.
The current limited evi- dence supports that hypomania in Bipolar II is likely to respond to the same agents useful for mania, that is, mood-stabilizing agents such as lithium and valproate and the second-generation antipsychotics.
Atypical antipsychotic drugs are regularly prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents in addition to mood stabilizing drugs.
In the United States, the estimated number of office-based visits by youth that included antipsychotic treatment increased from approximately 201,000 in 1993 to 1,224,000 in 2002.
From 2000 to 2002, the number of visits that included antipsychotic treatment was significantly higher for male youth (1,913 visits per 100,000 population) than for female youth (739 visits per 100,000 population), and for White non-Hispanic youth (1,515 visits per 100,000 population) than for youth of other racial or ethnic groups (426 visits per 100,000 population).
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