1
عمومی::
مجریان
Available from: https://www.who.int/phi/implementation/assistive_technology/prosthetics_orthot- ics/en/.
In 2017, WHO, in partnership with ISPO and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), published Standards for Prosthetics and Orthotics, a two-part standards and implementation manual for health systems providing P&O services.23 The standards outline recommendations to countries on appropriate policy, products, personnel, and service provision in establishing a P&O services system (Figure 4).
ISPO's Industry Advisory Group has launched an initiative to outline the core datasets and develop a framework for a global registry, but lacks resources to accelerate development and implementation and could benefit from additional support.
Following the development of a global framework for data collection, investments in implementation and data collection efforts are needed to underpin national and sub-national planning for service expansion.
This data, along with other advocacy efforts, led to the creation and implementation of the Philippine Health Insurance Z Mobility, Orthosis, Rehabilitation and Prosthesis Help (MORPH) benefits package, which was launched in 2013.
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2
روان شناسی و مشاوره::
مجریان، اجراکنندگان
For example, a teacher who disagrees with external rewards and elects not to employ the use of this strategy during implementation of the Good Behavior Game, which has consistently been shown to be effective in managing student behavior (Flower, McKenna, Bunuan, Muething, & Vega, 2014), would likely have little success, given that the use of rewards is a central element of this intervention.
Berrin emphasized that subsystems and their interactions are influenced by potential implementers and stakeholders, and their willingness and ability to adapt to ensure system success in a dynamic environment.
Implementation Science: Applications of Systems Theory to Practice
Rather, the remainder of this chapter will focus on the implementation science model for facilitating systems change articulated by Fixsen and colleagues (Bertram, Blase, & Fixsen, 2015; Fixsen, Blase, Duda, Naoom, & Van Dyke, 2010; Fixsen, Blase, Metz, & Van Dyke, 2013; Fixsen, Blase, Naoom, & Wallace, 2009; Fixsen, Naoom, Blase, & Friedman, 2005).
(2005) implementation science model has been widely embraced in educational settings, and provides a concrete framework that can used by school psychologists to promote the implementation of evidence-based practices (Forman et al.
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