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متیله کردن
ecdysone-bound receptor complex recruits a histone methyltransferase that methylates lysine-4 of histone H3, thereby loosening the nucleosomes in that area (Sedkov et al. 2003).
Long-term memories are stabilized by chromatin remodeling in the hippocampus and frontal lobes of the braih, a process involving DNA methylation and histone modifications (Swank et al. 2001; Korzus 2004; Miller et al. 2008; Penner et al. 2011).
At each round of DNA replication, DNA methyltransferas- es must methylate the appropriate cytosines while leaving other cytosines unmethylated, and they are not the most fastidious of enzymes, making errors at the rate of about 2-4% (Ushijima et al. 2005).
Within certain genetic parameters (which may affect the speed at which methylation changes occur, and which may differ between species and individuals), our cells may accumulate errors of gene expression throughout our lives.
For instance, methylation of the promoter regions of the a and |i estrogen receptors is known to increase linearly with age (FIGURE 23.4; Issa et al. 1994), and such methylation is thought to bring about the inactivation of these genes in the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels.
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